Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that can cause a variety of signs and symptoms. These can vary from woman to woman but generally include:
Menstrual Irregularities
- Irregular Periods: Infrequent, irregular, or prolonged menstrual cycles are common. Some women with PCOS may have fewer than nine periods a year, more than 35 days between periods, or abnormally heavy periods.
Excess Androgen Levels
- Hirsutism: Increased hair growth on the face, chest, back, or other parts of the body (male-pattern hair growth).
- Acne: Severe acne, particularly after adolescence, which is often difficult to manage with standard treatments.
- Male-Pattern Baldness: Thinning hair or hair loss on the scalp.
Ovarian Abnormalities
- Polycystic Ovaries: Enlarged ovaries that contain numerous small cysts, which can be detected via ultrasound.
Metabolic Issues
- Weight Gain: Difficulty losing weight or unexplained weight gain, particularly around the abdomen.
- Insulin Resistance: Reduced sensitivity to insulin, which can lead to higher blood sugar levels and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
- Skin Changes: Darkening of the skin, particularly along neck creases, in the groin, and underneath breasts (acanthosis nigricans).
Fertility Problems
- Infertility: Difficulty getting pregnant due to irregular ovulation or lack of ovulation.
Psychological Symptoms
- Mood Disorders: Higher rates of depression and anxiety.
Other Symptoms
- Pelvic Pain: Occasionally, women with PCOS may experience pelvic pain.
Long-Term Health Risks
Women with PCOS are at higher risk for several long-term health problems, including:
- Type 2 Diabetes: Due to insulin resistance.
- Hypertension: High blood pressure.
- Dyslipidemia: Abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
- Sleep Apnea: Especially in overweight women.
- Endometrial Cancer: Due to prolonged absence of ovulation and menstruation.
Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and reduce the risk of complications. If you suspect you have PCOS, consult a healthcare provider for evaluation and management. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of PCOS is crucial for effective management. Dr. Archana Salve offers comprehensive care to help women navigate PCOS and improve their overall health.